名詞を修飾する文

Put the describing clause immediately before the noun. Japanese does not need a separate relative pronoun such as ‘who’ or ‘that’ here. A verb clause normally ends in a plain form, even when the main sentence ends politely. Use tense and aspect that fit the intended description.

1. 1Verb clause in plain form + noun
2. 2Subject + が + verb in plain form + noun
3. 3な-adjective stem + な + noun; noun + の + noun

1. 1昨日なくした鍵が、かばんの底にありました。The key I lost yesterday was at the bottom of my bag.
2. 2入口で話している人は、私の先生です。The person talking by the entrance is my teacher.

Do not add の after an ordinary verb clause: 昨日なくした鍵. When the clause needs an explicit subject, が is the usual starting choice; using は can introduce contrast instead of a neutral description.

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1. 第2条は・がThe topic of the discussion and the subject of a clause
2. 第3条名詞＋の＋名詞Describe one noun using another noun
3. 第12条〜ているAn ongoing action, a habit, or a resulting state

• Tofugu: Building sentences and clauses ↗ (opens in a new tab)
• Hama Sensei: Subjects in noun-modifying clauses, question 2(4) ↗ (opens in a new tab)