動詞のて形

The て form connects a verb to what follows. It can link actions, express how something happens, or combine with endings such as いる and ください. First identify the verb’s group; an ending in る alone does not tell you whether the verb is ichidan or godan.

1. 1Ichidan: replace る with て, as in 食べる → 食べて
2. 2Godan う・つ・る → って; む・ぶ・ぬ → んで
3. 3Godan く → いて; ぐ → いで; す → して
4. 4Exceptions: 行く → 行って; する → して; 来る（くる）→ 来て（きて）

1. 1窓を閉めて、暖房をつけました。I closed the window and turned on the heating.
2. 2名前を書いて、受付で待ってください。Please write your name and wait at reception.

Do not attach て directly to the dictionary form. 書く becomes 書いて; 読む becomes 読んで. The て form itself does not specify past tense; the sentence ending and context supply the time.

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1. 第9条〜から・〜のでGive a reason: because; so
2. 第12条〜ているAn ongoing action, a habit, or a resulting state

• Tofugu: て form ↗ (opens in a new tab)